T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son y\u0131llar\u0131n en kurak yaz\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131rken, \u0130zmir\u2019deki bir\u00e7ok baraj neredeyse kuruma noktas\u0131na geldi. \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u00e7me suyu ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan en \u00f6nemli barajlardan biri olan Tahtal\u0131\u2019da doluluk oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10\u2019un alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferken, il\u00e7elerde de planl\u0131 su kesintilerine gidildi. \u0130zmir Ekonomi \u00dcniversitesi Afet Y\u00f6netimi ve Risk Azaltma Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (EKOAYRA) M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. G\u00f6khan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki suyun y\u00fczde 74\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n sulanmas\u0131nda harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekerek, art\u0131k \u2018topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m\u2019a ge\u00e7menin zorunluluk oldu\u011funu ifade etti. Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, “A\u00e7\u0131lan ka\u00e7ak kuyular, yazl\u0131klardaki havuzlar, kontrols\u00fcz tar\u0131msal sulama ve yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7sizce kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, su varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ciddi anlamda azalmas\u0131na neden oluyor” diye konu\u015ftu.
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\u0130E\u00dc \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi ve EKOAYRA M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. G\u00f6khan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, yaln\u0131zca ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, insan kaynakl\u0131 etkenlerin de su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan tabloyu derinle\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
“Tar\u0131msal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanabilir”
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A\u00e7\u0131lan ka\u00e7ak kuyular ve yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n plans\u0131zca \u00e7ekilmesi nedeniyle do\u011fal dengenin bozuldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, “K\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin, resmi izin almadan a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7ak sondaj kuyular\u0131, yer alt\u0131 su rezervlerinin kontrols\u00fcz \u015fekilde azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bu durum sadece yer alt\u0131 su seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda topra\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine, hatta baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde minyat\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmeye neden oluyor. Her y\u0131l binlerce ka\u00e7ak kuyu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu gidi\u015fle sadece kurakl\u0131k de\u011fil, tar\u0131msal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f de ya\u015fanabilir” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
“Se\u00e7enek de\u011fil, zorunluluk”
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Kuruyan barajlar\u0131n, azalan yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n ve kontrols\u00fcz su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, tar\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez bir noktaya getirdi\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, “\u0130zmir ve T\u00fcrkiye genelinde barajlar\u0131n kurumas\u0131, art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca bir uyar\u0131 de\u011fil; acil m\u00fcdahale gerektiren bir kriz. Tar\u0131m, \u00fclke genelindeki su t\u00fcketiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 74\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor. Bu tablo, alternatif tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerinin art\u0131k bir se\u00e7enek de\u011fil, zorunluluk haline geldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla hidroponik sistemler, gelece\u011fin en \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131ndan biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
“Y\u00fczde 90 tasarruf sa\u011fl\u0131yor”
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Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m\u0131n, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 en etkili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm oldu\u011funu dile getiren Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, “Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m ile su kullan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczde 90\u2019a varan oranda azal\u0131yor, verimlilik ve \u00fcretim h\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131yor, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, herhangi bir tar\u0131m alan\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 da bulunmuyor. Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131mda su, sistem i\u00e7inde d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Buharla\u015fma ya da topra\u011fa s\u0131zma gibi kay\u0131plar minimum d\u00fczeyde kal\u0131yor. Bitkiler, besinleri do\u011frudan ve d\u00fczenli \u015fekilde ald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve daha s\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn veriyor. Ayn\u0131 alanda daha fazla \u00fcretim yap\u0131labiliyor. Kapal\u0131 sistemler, bitkilerin zararl\u0131larla temas riskini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131yor. Bu da hem daha az kimyasal kullan\u0131m\u0131na hem de daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere olanak tan\u0131yor” dedi.<\/p>\n
“Bireysel de yap\u0131labilir”
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Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 yap\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi bireysel imkanlarla da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fine vurgu yapan Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, “Tar\u0131m arazisi olmayan yerlerde; \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00e7at\u0131 katlar\u0131nda, balkonlarda, seralarda ya da \u015fehir i\u00e7inde konteynerlerde \u00fcretim yap\u0131labilir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle kent tar\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u0131da tedarik zinciri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj sa\u011flar” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
“\u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131lda amorti eder”
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Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131ma ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in hidroponik altyap\u0131, LED \u0131\u015f\u0131klar, pompalar, sens\u00f6rler, ayd\u0131nlatma, \u0131s\u0131tma\/so\u011futma sistemleri ve otomasyon gibi kurulumlar\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, bu sistemin 3 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetini amorti etmeye ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, daha az su kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile birlikte, ila\u00e7 ve g\u00fcbre giderlerinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi sayesinde i\u015fletme karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m\u0131n bir politika haline getirilmesinin ve bu alana y\u00f6nelik te\u015fviklerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesinin \u015fart oldu\u011funu dile getiren Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ise teorik, uygulamal\u0131, teknolojik ve donan\u0131msal a\u00e7\u0131dan kapsaml\u0131 bir e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Prof. Dr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, bu sistemin uzun vadede s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik, verimlilik ve y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi sayesinde ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan karl\u0131 bir modele d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n
Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m nedir?
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Topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m, bitkilerin toprak yerine besin de\u011feri y\u00fcksek \u00f6zel sol\u00fcsyonlar veya inert (etkisiz) maddeler kullan\u0131larak yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemidir. Suya do\u011frudan k\u00f6k temas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bu sistemde, bitkiler ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu mineralleri do\u011frudan sudan al\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler aras\u0131nda hidroponik, aeroponik ve akuaponik sistemler yer al\u0131r.
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son y\u0131llar\u0131n en kurak yaz\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131rken, \u0130zmir\u2019deki bir\u00e7ok baraj neredeyse kuruma noktas\u0131na geldi. \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u00e7me suyu ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan en \u00f6nemli barajlardan biri olan Tahtal\u0131\u2019da doluluk oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10\u2019un alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferken, il\u00e7elerde de planl\u0131 su kesintilerine gidildi. \u0130zmir Ekonomi \u00dcniversitesi Afet Y\u00f6netimi ve Risk Azaltma Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (EKOAYRA) M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. G\u00f6khan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guncel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=47287"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47289,"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47287\/revisions\/47289"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/47288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=47287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=47287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egemtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=47287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}